Photosynthesis (Plant growth) is very directly related to nm (nanometers) of light. The overall colour (Kelvins) is somewhat related to specific nm peaks.
There IS a relationship between a colour temperature and the peak wavelength in its spectrum . It's called Wien's law.
Wavelength (nanometers) = 3,000,000 / Col temp (Kelvin).
So at 4,500K, the peak wavelength is 666nm (red) at 6,000K the peak wavelength is 500nm (bluish green) and at 7,500K the peak wavelength is 400nm (deep blue)
Following Wien's law is however, not the greatest guide as you cannot see the full nm spectrum, obviously you cannot just grow plants under any lights, try a hydroponics setup with 1000w of incandescent bulbs and see what happens(Not a lot). To find out if a bulb is good for growing plants under, just follow the very simple rules of specific nm wavelengths of light and look at a data sheet for the bulb in question. Such as:
http://www.cree.com/~/media/Files/Cree/LED%20Components%20and%20Modules/XLamp/Data%20and%20Binning/XLampXML.pdf