Search results for query: hypercapnia

...period they may release enough CO2 and uptake of O2 to go beyond the toleration capacity of the animals and they will suffer stress from hypercapnia or at the worst asphyxiation. I’m super cautious now running CO2 using any modality and especially controllers having lost an entire tank of...

...<"https://www.grocentre.is/static/gro/publication/261/document/safina13prf.pdf"> and this a General Aquaculture paper <"talking about hypercapnia">. <"Acute CO2 tolerance in fishes is associated with air breathing but not the Root effect, red cell βNHE, or habitat"> You can't really talk...

Yeah it seems like in this scape it will be useful for monitoring the pH but not controlling the CO2 since the KH is fluctuating. I think this is due to the type of rocks I'm using that are influencing the water chemistry. Conversely, I have the same controller fitted to a 350L tank which only...

...pH drop but because your equilibrium point is shifting upwards due to rising KH then too much CO2 will enter the tank and could cause hypercapnia problems. You can’t run a pH controller successfully in the way intended in a tank that has fluctuating KH as you’ve found but if you never reach...

...strangely. They gasp at the surface. Sometimes they hide in an area that perhaps has a lower CO2 concentration. Co2 poisoning is called Hypercapnia and it is deadly. If you see these symptoms do a massive water change immediately to lower the CO2 concentration and reduce the injection rate...

...sound reasoning, especially for the inexperienced. Others use the residual reading and are fine. Fish can adapt to surprising levels of hypercapnia, within limits, and as long as it is done gradually. More important than the number used as a reference is that your distribution is excellent...

OK, so as always, when your CO2 profile is good but the fish suffer hypercapnia then that means your flow/distribution is in question. This is the area you'll need to tackle. It's very likely that when you fix your flow/distribution then you'll also fix whatever nutrient problems you have...

Thanks ! [emoji3526] About the "inline skimmer", I misspoke. It's a classic glass filter inflow with an included skimmer. I already replaced it for a normal inflow and added an eheim skimmer instead, because I thought it would be better for flow (added power head) and for bottom aspiration...

...That's a beautiful tank, well done so far. Yes it is true that when your plants suffer CO2 deficiency and yet animals suffer hypercapnia then it's a safe bet that flow/distribution needs investigating. I don't know what an inline skimmer does or how it works as I never use skimmers, but any...

...sense of whether the CO2 level is acceptably low for the fish by noting their behavior. Fish suffering CO2 toxicity (search the term "hypercapnia") exhibit specific behavioral patterns that clearly indicate toxicity. Using a dropchecker correctly gives us a quick and easy way to determine if...

...You can try a lower injection rate but start the gas earlier and then turn it off earlier. The distress displayed by the fish is called hypercapnia and it is the effect that CO2 has on the Oxygen carrying ability of hemoglobin in the bloodstream of the fish. The fish have some ability to...

I checked the leaks and are very small if any. Cool so is normal, any specifications on the glycerin or just any normal glycerin? Now I was thinking to get one of those

...to count/worry about the bubbles anymore, just keep an eye on the drop checker instead and more importantly fish behaviour for signs of hypercapnia, If there’s no change in either of these behaviours you’ve confirmed you had nothing to worry about! If you still want bubbles but hate the...

...at a time with a decent period of length between each adjustment and observe behaviour, assuming everything is okay the DC should change colour before fauna start heading to the surface or reacting due to hypercapnia. I assume you are using around 3-4 drops bromo to about 5ml of 4dKH...

Hi all, This subject has come <"up a few times on the forum">, but because you can't search for "CO2", you have to search for terms like <"hypercapnia"> and <"Bohr Root"> effect. I'm not a CO2 user, so I don't have any practical experience of keeping fish at enhanced CO2 levels. It isn't an...

Hi Darrel, Thanks a lot. I've had a good read and there certainly is some good stuff there on both those links. JPC

Hi all, A search on UKAPS for <"hypercapnia"> and <"nephrocalcinosis">, should yield some more references. cheers Darrel

Thank you, I seem to have solved this issue , I have adjusted my circulation pump and filter outflows and now get a nice circular motion through the tank. DC is a lime green on lights on and remains for the photoperiod. Only have the one HO T5 running over the tank to let all the plants recover...

...distribute your flow is very important. I think you had asked how is it is that in order to get your DC green your fish were experiencing hypercapnia. That is an early indication that your distribution methods of CO2 are suspect. When fish suffer hypercapnia at the same time that the plants...

I agree with you regarding the diffuser place, but if the filter starts to burp then it's not good, of course, this is the most effective way to dissolve co2 after the cerges reactor but needs some fine tunning :)

Yes, shrimp are more susceptible to hypercapnia than fish are. Animals typically require 24-48 hours to make the adjustments to higher CO2 levels, but they have to survive first. No, I disagree. This is the best place for the diffuser. As long as the filter can handle the direct gas injection...

...the mid level and top but is poorer nearer to the bottom. This anomaly occurs frequently in CO2 injected tanks so that the fish suffer hypercapnia if they swim at the top where the CO2 is excessive, but the plants suffer CO2 deficiency where the CO2 is at it's worst concentration. The fishes...

...revelation man, be happy! :clap: So now we know that we have to work on gas dissolution and or flow/distribution. Please also note that hypercapnia in fish require about 48 hours for them to adapt to the new level of CO2. There is always some adjustment needed until their blood produces...

Well, my fish were never having breathing problems (I never have NO3 levels like that though), but from what I've heard fish like otos or hara jerdoni aren't taking NO3 around this level good. I have to admit it's only what people are saying and not some scientific experiment data. I prefer to...

...a tank dosed with 100ppm NO3. This is only one example of breeding fish in high NO3 tanks. If your fish are having breathing problems at 30-40ppm NO3, you had better look elsewhere for the cause because they are certainly suffering either hypercapnia or hypoxia due to poor maintenance. Cheers,

...it is. So we have to inject, what we think is 30ppm just to get 3ppm at the leaf. That is the main reason why we can see the fish suffer hypercapnia due to excessive injection rates, while at the same time the plants suffer CO2 deficiency. The key to avoiding this situation is to moderate...

...similiar issues with Clown Loaches, they seem alot more sensitive to CO2 that the other fish I have. Fish distress is due to both CO2 (hypercapnia) and O2 (hypoxia). You can address both by decreasing CO2 and/or increasing O2. You shouldn't need a lime green DC. Many tanks do well with dark...

...other locations, recognizing that there are no absolute values and that we are getting only a general number. If your fish are suffering hypercapnia then you need to look more closely at the flow/distribution or timing, which are always suspect, especially as the plant mass increases. You...

...and everybody thinks this. These are the symptoms of poor Flow and distribution: What this means is that the fish are suffering hypercapnia while the plants are suffering CO2 deficiency. That only happens with poor distribution so you always need to review the configuration. Since we can't...

...matter how much Oxygen is dissolved in the water if there is too much CO2 because the fish will not be able to use it. You cannot fix hypercapnia by adding more Oxygen, and you can't really add more Oxygen anyway because Oxygen has very poor solubility. So people really need to forget about...

...on Salmonids because they combine little tolerance to low oxygen levels with high commercial value. This is <"Effects of environmental hypercapnia on hemato-immunological parameters, carbonic anhydrase, and Na+, K+-ATPase enzyme activities in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) tissues">...

...use the basic rule of thumb regarding the DC. If the DC is lime green or darker by lights on and if it does not drop into the yellow, then this is a sign that the CO2 levels are not too extreme. Shrimp are more susceptible to hypercapnia so it would be better to add fish first. Cheers,

Steve, Discus are the same as any other fish. The larger the fish the more affected they are by hypercapnia. You just have to be careful when you add CO2. Start with very low light so that you can use very low CO2 and then work your way up. Cheers,

...the fish suffer easily when the tank is incompetently dosed with CO2. They then always draw the conclusion that if the fish are suffering hypercapnia then it must be that there is plenty of CO2, so like lemmings, they add more and more light and the tank falls off the cliff. The situation is...

Thanks Clive. I'm asking as my water will bet the same as Berties. So just to check my understating, in this case, we are looking for a 0.5 PH drop before lights?

...assuming that the lighting is not over-the-top. I think the injection rate is not too low and can be lowered to reduce fish suffering hypercapnia. We need to play with the pump location and output. Bert, can you try moving the 3 pumps above the spraybar, increasing their output and take...

...in the sediment and in the filter. They are not affected by CO2 in the way that fauna are affected. The toxic mechanism of CO2, called hypercapnia, is a function of the way in which higher organisms collects Oxygen, primarily, but not limited to the function of the hemoglobin (or hemocyanin...

...acid on your salad, right? The dangers of permanently high CO2 in the water depends entirely on how high the level is. The effect of hypercapnia (high CO2 content) is that the high partial pressure of the CO2 in the water column, restricts the flow of CO2 from the fish's bloodstream into the...

...depends on what fish we are talking about. Secondly, the fundamental design of the labyrinth is focused on dealing with hypoxia, not hypercapnia. The role of CO2 excretion is primarily a job of the gills, not the labyrinth, however, during hypercapnia the labyrinth will excrete more CO2 than...

Hi all, It is always the rheophilic fish like Loaches, Gobies and plecs that have the highest oxygen demand, so they suffer from hypercapnia first. cheers Darrel

Hi, You should always do an immediate massive water change when you observe distress. If the fish in question is suffering hypercapnia (excessive bloodstream CO2 concentration level) then it takes about 24 hours for them to adjust to the higher levels and then they are fine afterwards. The...

...respiratory rate is governed by levels of oxygen, high O2 can slow the rate of elimination of CO2 from the blood, thus increasing the hypercapnia. By increasing levels of oxygen, you may just make things worse. Source: Fish Vet Group - July 2005" :? Think ill stick to oxgenating overnight...

Re: Fluval Studio 900... Disaster. Hi all, I think the answer to this is to do with the Root (Bohr) effect, oxygen–haemoglobin dissociation curve and the affinity of haemoglobin for both O2 and CO2. I don't fully understand this, but I think that higher oxygen levels mean that an oxygen...

...incident will help others to choose a direction. In reference to the link: <http://www.ukaps.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=20578&hilit=hypercapnia&start=10>, i remember being part of that thread now :oops: . Thanks for the information, ill look on google when i have more time available...

...related stuff is anecdotal, but we did have a thread with some details in it: <http://www.ukaps.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=20578&hilit=hypercapnia&start=10>. If you want to have a search through Google scholar, search for "hypercapnia" in the articles citing "Physiology of fish in...

...I cannot say. Pathogen treatment is independent of pH treatment. No, that's another pseudoscience tidbit I'm afraid. The speed at which hypercapnia shows it's effects takes longer than the time it takes for the CO2 to dissipate. Additionally, the water change percentage is not usually 100% so...

Hi all, Point taken and no-one has directly answered the question. There is plenty of scientific evidence that elevated, but sub-lethal, CO2 levels are damaging to fish long term. This is from the last post in the linked in thread (from 2010)...

...dissolve in the worlds oceans which will change the acidity of the water and will cause problems for the fauna. Do a google search for "Hypercapnia fish". A lot of experiments have been performed mostly on trout. So, there are some risks but they have to be managed. You could also easily ask...

...an un-planted tank. This advantage is partially offset by the toxicity of CO2 however. The mechanism of CO2 toxicity in fish is called "hypercapnia". It is a serious misconception to think that a CO2 injected planted tank has less Oxygen than an non-injected tank and this thinking can lead to...

...So gas exchange would become more difficult for inverts than it is for fish. As a result of their greater susceptibility to hypoxia and hypercapnia therefore, shrimp are best kept in a Non-CO2 environment, but if you are injecting CO2 you need to be much more attentive to maximizing the...

...low where the plant leaves are. This results in the incongruity we observe where the plants suffer carbon starvation yet the fish suffer hypercapnia. Because people fail to understand the phenomenon of wave interaction and flow distribution they see the fish suffer and automatically conclude...

...affects the ability of hemoglobin in the blood to hold onto, and to transport the O2 molecules. This is the cruel irony of CO2 toxicity (hypercapnia). There is no shortage of O2, but there is a loss of ability of the hemoglobin to bind to the O2. This is not a fault of hemoglobin. It's...

...not so much that we are beyond the ability of the fish to adapt to the level. Each species has an ability to neutralize the effects of hypercapnia (high bloodstream CO2 level) to a certain extent. This is typically accomplished physiologically by increasing the bicarbonate level in the...

...that suggests prolonged exposure to sub-lethal CO2 levels will have long lasting effects on fish health. The technical terms are "hypercapnia" & "nephrocalcinosis", and this is the Google Scholar search for "hypercapnia & aquaculture"...