Search results for query: Duckweed index limnobium

Thank you very much for your answer. I'm on my way to do a 50% water change and will follow your advice : I will aim for 50µs. It will take several WCs but I don't want to shock my fish. I actually have read many of your posts on the duckweed index and it seems to be the smartest method when...

Hi all, Red green colour blindness does add another <"layer of complexity">. I think so, they look paler green, that could just be a <"lesser need for chlorophyll"> or it could be the start of chlorosis (below). Certainly true, judging leaf colour is definitely easier with a larger leaf...

Hi all, I think that makes perfect sense. One of the advantages of my <"original duckweed (Lemna minor)"> was that its faster growth rate allowed a quicker diagnosis of nutrient deficiency (and their subsequent recovery). As you have both old and new "duckweeds", what does your Lemna look...

Is this the information about our water I’m looking for? I have had plants in from as little as 2 weeks to as long as 4 months and I have seen a very, very small growth on the older plants which is why I was considering aqua soil as I want the plants and fish to thrive. I have a small amount...

Wow, that does look like a tall tank! I am 6ft and I think I would struggle to get to the bottom of that tank! Your fish look lovely. And breeding I think must be a good sign. How long have your stem plants been in the aquarium, and well have they been growing? Some of the broader leaf...

Hi all, You can use the <"Nutrient Dosing Calculator"> to work out an amount. Just choose "11% FeDTPA" as your compound, add in the tank size and aim for ~ 0.2 ppm Fe as your target. If you are an Excel user? The<"IFC Aquarium Fertilizer Calculator"> will give you a lot more options. In...

Hi all, Unfortunately only when <"new leaves grow">. Have a look at - <"Duckweed Index says Nitrogen please?"> & <"Plant deficiencies and the Fe Experiment">. The plant can't move iron (Fe) around the plant to new tissue, or store it for a <"rainy day"> - <"Should i start to fertilize?">...

Hey Darrel, I only added these a week ago from an in-vitro pot so I don't expect them to look too great just yet although I will attach a picture for you of them. There does seem to be new shoots on a few of them which looks positive atleast 🤞 Even though I know floating plants are a huge help...

Hi all, What does the <"floating plant look like">? Because it has access to <"atmospheric CO2 (and first dibs on the light)"> any deficiency symptoms will be mineral nutrient (fertiliser) related. <"Global Monitoring Laboratory - Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases"> Have a look at <"What is the...

I have some new to me, previously well cared-for, limnobium laevigatum in the tank. Been a few weeks. Overall some are growing like crazy, but I'm now seeing netting on some. @dw1305 's 'What is the Duckweed Index all about?' suggests Iron deficiency. Keen to nip this in the bud. I'm...

Hi all, I'm obviously not an EI user, but I think that is the <"advantage of both Estimative and Duckweed Indices">, you don't need to worry about <"ratios or trying to measure"> the amount of nutrients in the water column. I think that where the <"Duckweed Index">* has an advantage <"over all...

Hi all, Yes, change some water. If you are adding ammonia (NH3)? Just stop, cycling doesn't really exist in the way <"that we traditionally thought it did">. If you have a substrate that is ammonia rich the dark start process will reduce the ammonia levels without encouraging a bloom of algae...

Hi all, As noticed sth new, and quickly shot photo of it. In fact I regret I haven't got a chance make a photo yesterday or the day before yesterday. One of my cryptocorynes released new leave. The new leaves looks very twisted, curled. Yesterday I received floater limnobium levigatum, added...

References and some background reading. There is a list of (mainly) Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) wastewater phytoremediation references at: <"Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) phytoremediation references">. I'll carry on updating this link as I get new references. Books Diana...

What is the future for the Duckweed Index II, is it a mix of floaters? You might remember @castle's Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) photo from <"earlier in the thread">. The other plant in the photo is Red-root Floater (Phyllanthus fluitans) - <"Phyllanthus fluitans - Tropica Aquarium...

What is the future for the Duckweed Index? The Duckweed Index has been developed over ~15 years, and while I don't expect any major changes, but there will be <"continuing tweaks to it">. The Duckweed Index has definitely gained a bit of traction, particularly among <"German Apistogramma...

Fertilisers and the Duckweed Index. Substrate In nutrient terms rooted plants have access to the substrate, and that is a world of <"unknown unknowns">, with a huge number of <"potential variables">. Nutrients that aren't available in the water column <"may be plant available"> within the...

We've talked about iron deficiency, but what are going to do about it? Because of the <"lag phase">, between adding plant available iron (Fe) and <"new healthy leaves growing">, I now use a tweak to the original Duckweed Index concept, where I add iron (Fe) (as FeEDTA, & magnesium (Mg)*,) on a...

........... and why we need to talk about iron (Fe). Lack of plant available iron (Fe) is the most common deficiency among the immobile plant nutrients. There is a complete thread (by @KirstyF) at <"Plant deficiencies and the Fe Experiment">, but I'll add a summary in terms of how it effects...

Why a rooted emergent plant would have been optimal. In the last section I mentioned <"atmospheric gases">, and while CO2 was the focus, all aerobic organisms require oxygen (O2) and I'll say a bit more about oxygen now. It will only be "a bit", because this is a huge subject area and requires...

The "aerial advantage" and why it is so important. If we go back to the figure in the <"previous post"> we can see that plants are overwhelmingly constructed from structural carbohydrates, produced from CO2, water and light via photosynthesis. <"File photosynthesis equation.svg - Wikimedia...

We've just talked about nitrogen (N), but what about the other mineral nutrients? Plants require <"all fourteen of the essential mineral nutrients for growth">, just in widely varying amounts. From <"https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/CPC/11993210/3.1.+Minerals+in+plants:+a+brief+overview">...

The Leaf Colour Chart. The Leaf Colour Chart has its own thread - <"The scientific background to the "Leaf Colour Chart">, but I'll add in a summary here. The Leaf Colour Chart (LCC) is a visual guide of when to add nitrogenous (N) fertilisers, originally developed for Rice (Oryza sativa)...

What is the “Duckweed Index” all about? I’ve never written a proper “Duckweed Index” article, but, prompted by @GHNelson, I’ve written a short introduction. I’ll break it up into a series of posts (of which this is the first), mainly to avoid author (and reader) fatigue. There is a table of...

I've got some red root floaters mixed in with my frogbit, maybe I can share some photos! What I'm wondering is how do I know my plants have all the 14 essential nutrients? How do I know if they don't have enough nitrogen? And what are my options are if they don't?

Hi all, Assuming that your plants have all the <"14 essential mineral nutrients">? Then it is largely a nitrogen effect <"Black leaf edges - cause?">. Have a look at @Parablennius <"Floaters"> thread. I choose a floating plant for the <"Duckweed Index"> - <"Echinodorus bleheri - slow...

Hi all, I agree with @_Maq_ , we just don't know what is happening in the substrate, other than as that substrate matures, and the plant roots ramify through it, it is going to provide a <"huge range of different environments">. Dr Stephen Tanner's article is well worth a read <"Aquarium...

Hi all, The rationale behind both <"Estimative and Duckweed Indices"> was that you wouldn't need to test the water. Estimative Index (EI) was designed so that the level of mineral nutrients always exceeded the plants minimum requirement and growth was dependent upon CO2 level and PAR. The...

Hi all, I've never seen one for sale, it was designed for Rice (Oryza sativa) <"Leaf Color Chart - IRRI Rice Knowledge Bank">, but there might be something similar for other cereals. <"http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/qualityseedcourse4women/images/stories/module...

Hi all, I'd guess that they do, it is true for most plants, but I don't specifically know for Limnobium about root : shoot ratio. I actually don't tend to worry too much about root development, <"leaf size and colour"> are my main metrics, mainly because a quick look (<"or photo">) is all that...

Hi all, Pretty much, leaf size, as well as colour, is quite important - <"The scientific background to the "Leaf Colour Chart"">. Have a look at @Cédric's <"post and links">. The reason I like a floating plant is that it takes CO2 and PAR out of the equation, and the reason I settled on...

Hi everyone, I’m currently use a complete fertiliser for my all of my aquarium, and I usually follow the dosage and frequency instructions on the bottle. I must admit that I have not a single idea of how chemistry works but I want to try out the duckweed index to reduce ferts expenses so I...

Hi all, So in the case of <"sodium hydroxide (NaOH) injection"> and hydrochloric acid (HCl) addition, we are into a <"strong base & strong acid interaction"> and that makes it a lot more straight forward, because everything is in solution and we don't have any buffering. In this case we have a...

Hi all, I know <"it would make sense">, but I'd already started calling it the <"Duckweed Index"> before I changed over from Lesser Duckweed (Lemna minor) to Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum). I think, even though I'd written about the technique before 2008, that I only started calling it...

Hi all, It has a <"number of advantages">, so Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) is definitely my preferred "Duckweed". I'm <"obviously biased">, but it works. The only real revision I've made since I swapped from Lesser Duckweed (Lemna minor) is that I've been using a <"hybrid version">...

With regards to the plants you’ve mentioned darrel, would they be suitable for a 50l with lid for a betta? im hoping to do a soil substrate as seems the most natural and logical from a plant nutrition stand point from what I’ve managed to understand from the varied online information. like the...

That is very nice Darrel. I am a big fan of the Duckweed index as you know. "When the nutrient level in the water decreases, it will grow much slower which makes it a great indicator of the available nutrients." In my experience (and opinion), the Duckweed index is not really about speed of...

Hi all, All right, so the title might be <"slight hyperbole">, but the <"Tropica "Amazon Frogbit" (Limnobium laevigatum) page"> says: cheers Darrel

Hi all, Access to atmospheric CO2 was the main reason for using a floating plant for the "Duckweed Index". Any green, submerged plant should show the same deficiency symptoms, but you have the <"extra confounding"> <"factors of CO2 (and light) availability">. I'm seriously considering...

I think i am going to insert in the tank some limnobium :) As far as FE, i can purchase easily Seachem Iron or Easy Life Ferro What do you think? Maybe Easy life is more tailored regarding my pH 7? Thanks Cris

Hi all, Generally iron availability is much less of an issue in water with lower alkalinity. Because iron (Fe) is a bit of a <"two edged sword">, you could easily tip into iron toxicity in acidic, reducing conditions . Yes, a floating plant will take up all nutrients and act as a nutrient...

Hi all, You get iron (Fe) deficiency in new leaves, because iron isn't mobile within the plant. Looking at your Bacopa that definitely suggests lack of iron. Everything else looks pretty healthy. Have a look at @jameson_uk (with <"traditional apologies">) two Amazon Frogbit threads <"Frogbit...

Anything special about frogbit/duckweed ? I have a heavily planted shrimp grow out tank with no substrate and just RO water (with some GH booster only) which shows deficiencies in the submerged plants while the floaters are thriving. It almost makes me think floaters are feeding off dying...

Hi all, I've just found <"an old thread"> (from 2017) which suggests I may have been sublimely thinking about <"monetising the Duckweed Index"> for a lot longer than I had realised. From 2017 Now how to get the genie back in the bottle? Possibly <"Secret Ingredient Soup">? cheers Darrel

Hi all, That was one of the main reasons for using a floating plant in the <"Duckweed Index">. A floating plant always had access to <"atmospheric CO2">, and that takes <"CO2 deficiency out of the equation">. Clive (@ceg4048 ) is convinced that most deficiency symptoms relate to <"lack of...

Hi all, Because I don't regularly add nutrients I had one extended time period when I didn't add any fertilisers, purely <"because the floating plants never indicated"> that they were grossly deficient <"in any particular nutrient"> (or in all the nutrients generally). It has never happened...

Hi all, Dodgy strips are a distinct possibility. Unfortunately nitrate (NO3-) is a difficult nutrient to <"test for accurately">, mainly because <"the solubility of NO3 containing compounds">. It was partially the inherent difficulties in nitrate testing that led <"to the development"> of the...

Hi all, I should have said that I don't think that the sensitivity to nitrogen levels of "Red Root Floater" (Phyllanthus fluitans) outweighs <"the problems with not being able to see iron (Fe) deficiency etc."> as clearly in a plant with red leaves. Potentially a mixture of Limnobium...

Hi all, Sort of, but all the nitrate ions (NO3-) are the same, it doesn't matter where they came from, but it does matter where they came from in terms of their usefulness as an indicator of organic pollution. Oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) are both <"highly reactive elements"> and have been...

Hi all, I'm pleased it has worked for you. I'm (<"probably absurdly">) proud of it, and, my ego and I, are going to have a much <"happier afternoon now">. The only exception we've found to the "pale new leaves = iron deficiency" is in @Hufsa's case. Her plants turned out to be <"manganese...

Hi all, I've been thinking about this, mainly in light of a more complete understanding of the Maize (Zea mays) photo, and because "Amazon Frogbit" (Limnobium laevigatum) is <"also a monocotyledon">. I think that the mode of leaf formation in monocots is actually the reason for the...

It’s a fair point Darrel and I’ll run as long as I need to, to get valid results. I’m curious your thoughts on when is a new leaf not a new leaf? If a ‘young’ leaf is still developing, can you expect to see an improvement in that leaf ‘health’ in event that a non-mobile deficient nutrient...

Hi all, I'm not sure even two weeks will be long enough to see healthy new leaves grow. That was one of the reasons for originally using <"Lesser Duckweed (Lemna minor)"> in the <"Duckweed Index",> it has a very rapid turn-over of new leaves, meaning that it shows a very flexible response to...

Hi all, That is the real advantage of iron (Fe) as a diagnosable deficiency. Iron isn't mobile within the plant, so the plant leaf tissue gives an indication of iron availability <"at the time of its formation">, and that is <"an indelible mark">. You can still use the <"Duckweed Index"> to...

Hi all, I think I actually may <"have seen this"> without really twigging* what was happening. Initially I got a bit of a growth spurt (below), but subsequently the new leaves paled slightly. I didn't think too much more about it , but since then I've carried on with the <"hybrid Duckweed...

Hi all, Yes, that is how it works, plants can shuffle mobile nutrients from older to newer leaves, and real deficiency symptoms only occur when the plant has really run out entirely. Yes and no, you can get a situation where a non-mobile nutrient is unavailable for a limited time period, <"and...

Hi all, That is <"pretty impressive">, and shows the plasticity in growth form that Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) can exhibit. That is one of the real advantages of L. laevigatum for the <"Duckweed Index">, it has the potential to get very large, very quickly, but isn't a <"turned up...

Hi all, Personally <"I use snails">, which I appreciate isn't an option for you (because of the Loaches). The liquid carbon may help with some algae, it <"is a biocide">, which is why it deters algae (and damages Vallisneria etc). Because I'm a snail fan, I've never really tried other...

Hi all, That is it. The other thing I should have said is that it is <"only new leaves">, grown after iron (Fe) deficiency is <"no longer limiting growth">, that will be green. That was one reason I originally used Lemna minor ("Duckweed") for the <"Duckweed Index"> (I now prefer <"Amazon...

Hi all, Perfect, that is partially why I prefer <"watching the plants"> to adding a set amount of fertiliser on a regular basis. I probably would let it spread a bit, it is a great nitrogen sink as @PARAGUAY says, and <"this is the why">: This is what it looks like, if you <"feed it...

Hi Darrel, That's a serious price saving for sure!! I'm currently spending about £15 for 2 months on TNC!! So are you saying my tank would just need the 12g per week of Solufeed and that would cover all nutrients needed ?? Seems too good to be true lol Many thanks Matt

Hi all, I bought the last lot from the <"Solufeed shop front">, it was £13.99 + p & p for kilo. I'd probably split it in to two doses, call it 6g a dose and <"dose it as a dry salt">. One advantage of this is that 6 g is that it is pretty much <"exactly a tea spoonful">. Dosing at 12g a...

Hi all, OK, I'd probably leave it a little bit longer, keep on dosing and see if they pick up. One of the good things with Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) is that it doesn't need much structural tissue (the water does that bit) so it can rapidly respond to changes in nutrient levels by...

Thanks for the clarification Darrel and all of your help👍. How do you think my Salvinia Aruculata will work? I also have Red Root Floater on the way too but, won't have any Amazon Frogbit until my big tank gets here.

Hi all, Yes, that is right. It was developed for Rice (Oryza sativa), and works pretty well for Duckweed (Lemna minor) and Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum), but <"isn't suitable for every plant">. Have a look at <"Glasshouse "floating weeds" tank."> It really has to be a floating plant...

Thank you so much!! this is super helpful. I'll deffo be doing some more reading tonight! Sent from my SM-G950F using Tapatalk

Hi all, Welcome to UKAPS. That looks fine, I'd be pleased with that. Some of us have much more <"jungly tanks">. <"CO2 isn't a pre-requisite for planted tanks">, many of us are low tech. plant keepers. In terms of plants the <"Tropica Easy"> category are plants that will grow without added...

Hi all, I think that is a fair enough hypothesis, the environment is awash with <"unnatural levels of nutrients">. Personally I'm more interested in the <"lower limit of plant growth">, not the optimal level. The ability to <"persist at low nutrient levels"> was one of the reasons I swapped to...

Hi all, Same for me, but there is a way where you can check whether it is the substrate, or lack of fertilisers, and that is to <"use a floating plant">. Have a look at the <"Duckweed Index">, it is a method where <"you add fertilisers"> only when your "Duckweed" growth slows to an...

Hi all, Best of luck, it will take a while unfortunately, whichever deficiency it is. The reason for this is that it is the new leaves that are chlorotic, meaning that the deficient nutrient isn't mobile within the plant and it is only new leaves, produced after that nutrient becomes available...

Hi all, I think what @John q and @Parablennius suggest is probably right. Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) is actually the <"plant I use"> to help and <"diagnose nutrient deficiencies">, via the <"Duckweed Index">. Have a look at <"Frogbit taken a turn">, it shows a complete cycle from...

Hi all, In terms of the job they do? Then any (or all) <"of them">. I keep "Water Lettuce" (Pistia stratiotes), "Floating Fern" (Salvinia auriculata group) and "Amazon Frogbit" (Limnobium laevigatum). If I only kept one it would be Amazon Frogbit, mainly because it has a <"nice green...

Hi all, That was the idea behind the <"Duckweed Index">, that the plants would <"maintain high quality water"> and that the only requirement for adding nutrients was to <"maintain some plant growth">. Because I want the plants to be able to respond to any <"increase in bioload">, I actually...

Hi Darrel, I might not be the only one being curious about what you are dosing so I thought I would ask. Do you target any specific ppm's with your fertilizers? what's your technique? :) Cheers, Michael

Hi all, Exactly that, I found a <"goldilocks zone"> where I had healthy fish and some plant growth. In some ways it is the path of least resistance, but <"I've scaled my peak">, it is just a pretty low altitude one. I'd agree that is a limitation, and also one that affects Amazon Frogbit...

Hi all, A re branding, now that is an idea. The "problems" (purely in commercial terms) with the Duckweed / Frogbit Index are that: It <"works really well">. So once you have Frogbit in your tank <"your problems go away"> and you forget that they ever existed. You only have to buy the...

Which, in effect, is a version of ‘lean dosing made easy’ 👍 I wonder if, in a tank with high light, Co2 and ‘difficult’ stems, whether there would be any degree of separation between the point at which such plants perform well and the point at which the ‘canary floater’ starts to suffer. i.e do...

Hi all, That was the original rationale behind the <"Duckweed Index">, just <"add "enough"> when the plants begin to signs of distress. All the time the plants are healthy (and in some form of growth), just carry on with water changes etc., but <"don't add any fertiliser">. I used this...

Right lads thanks. Will pass the info on. Its kind of Ironic for TNC to call itself complete.

Hi all, If you look at the new leaves (like the one on the right of the plant, and the one left centre) they are really pale and almost translucent. I'm pretty sure that you also have a nutrient deficiency, and it is likely to be <"either iron (Fe) or manganese (Mn)">. This is <"iron...

Hi all, Turn up the <"intensity a bit"> and that will at least take low light away from our possible causes of poor plant growth. If the plants really do look pale? You could try a bit more magnesium (Mg), you can buy it easily as "Epsom Salts" (MgSO4.7H20) for baths etc and that is 10% Mg...

First of all: Thanks everybody for the feedback :D:angelic::thumbup: Lighting was new with this tank build/setup. My old tank was a diy led with some extra cheap flood lights. At the start of the new tank i had 3 weeks dark start (because of waiting of the plants and other stuff). And the...

Hi all, I'd guess that it isn't a nitrate (NO3-) effect as well. As @PARAGUAY says the plants look a good green and usually the <"degree of green coloration and fixed nitrogen availability"> are closely related. Nitrate testing is quite <"problematic at low levels">, which is why I tend to...

Hi all, Yes, that is it. The original ideal was a rooted emergent plant, something like <"Cyperus papyrus">, because of their potential to oxygenate the substrate, and filtration via a <"planted trickle filter">. I soon appreciated that neither of these was going to be desirable, or indeed...

Hi all, Possibly not, you are right on the edge of the pH hardness availability zone for FeEDTA. Have a look at our <"pink tint thread">. Plants need trace amounts of the microelements, so usually the difference is between some or none. Iron (Fe) deficiency is one of the few deficiencies that...

Hi all, That is actually a good thing, it just shows you <"have lots of nutrients">, but I agree Duckweed is a <"pita to get rid of">. There is, <"Amazon Frogbit is my preferred "Duckweed">. It was a shame I didn't call it the <"Frogbit Index">, but I'd already <"started writing about it">...

Hi all, Those and <"Cryptocoryne x willisii">, <"Bolbitis heudelotii > & Limnobium laevigatum. You can use <"Ceratophyllum demersum "> as your fast growing stem "stem", it doesn't have any roots, so is easy to thin, or remove. The same applies to the <"Amazon Frogbit">, easy to remove, but...

Hi all, It looks like an iron (Fe), most likely, or manganese (Mn), less likely, deficiency. Because the new leaves are smaller and paler than the older leaves it will be one of the <"non-mobile nutrient"> where lack of causes chlorosis in new leaves. @Happi might have some ideas? Have a...

Hi all, It could be <"molybdenum (Mo)">. I haven't ever done this very scientifically, with the original wastewater work it is <"plenty of everything">, and subsequently it has usually been in planted tanks with some livestock present and/or a <"commercial fertiliser mix">, with both urea and...

Hi all, It does, that is why I use it for the Duckweed Index, in preference to the original duckweed, Lesser Duckweed (Lemna minor), which was always slightly yellow in soft water even when nitrogen levels were higher. It had to be a floating, or emergent, plant to access the 400 ppm of CO2...

Hi all, That looks pretty conclusive. I would expect the Tonina to green up as well, but the yellow leaves remaining yellow and the new growth green. Green new growth will take a while to appear because of Tonina's <"slow growth"> rate. I can see the healthy new leaves on the Cuphea can't...

Hi all, It is only really iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) that cause the lack of chlorophyll <"(chlorosis) in new leaves">, all the other options (nitrogen (N), potassium (K) & magnesium (Mg)) are mobile within the plant and deficiencies show in the old leaves, because the plant can shuffle them...

This is why the "duckweed" index is brilliant; Those frogbit looks like they are suffering from deficiency issues. If your dosing full EI and have no Mg, Fe or other micro deficiencies they should look like this picture below - not perfect, but certainly very healthy - this is with full EI and...

I see Frogbites as an alternative to massive water changes. You can dose ferts quite relaxed as you know that the floaters are using them like crazy! The only downside is my red plants that are not so red any more. But BBA has not returned, so Frogbites rule!

Hi Darrel, Perhaps you should rename it the Frogbit index. I wish your advice on the "preferred duckweed" would have been more obvious to me before this happened :lol: When the duckweed really gets going its really hard to get rid of... its almost out competing my Frogbit. Cheers, Michael

Hi all, You are talking <"to the converted">, I'm a <"Frogbit obsessive">, but it was Diana Walstad's <"aerial advantage"> that led to the <"Duckweed Index"> and eventually Limnobium laevigatum as my <"preferred "Duckweed">. cheers Darrel

Hi all, That is the real advantage of the <"Duckweed Index">, you base your fertiliser addition on the <"leaf colour and growth"> of your "Duckweed". You just <"watch the plants">, rather than being reliant on <"micro-managing nutrient addition"> or needing a <"specific type of water chemistry...

Hi all, It would have been so much easier if I'd called it the "Frogbit Index", rather than the "Duckweed Index" , but I'd already <"started writing about it before I changed over"> from Duckweed (Lemna minor) to Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum). That would be my guess as well, often...

Hi all, I'm a snail fan as well. Ramshorn snails <"definitely reduce BBA">, I don't tend to ever see in Stagshorn in the tanks, but I don't know whether that is snail grazing as well. My guess would be that it isn't and I just don't get Stagshorn outbreaks now for whatever reason. Probably not...

Hi all, In nitrate terms that is a good thing, not a bad one. Fairy Moss (Azolla caroliniana) and Duckweed (Lemna minor) are a <"pita to get out of the tank">, but other floaters like Salvinia "auriculata" (Water fern), Pistia stratiotes (Nile Cabbage) and Limnobium laevigatum (Amazon...