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Yeah sorry i am referring to KH when i say hard water, My vallis is always lovely indeed, we have liquid chalk here. Rhodophyta induced by poor co2... makes sense i haven't used it in ages, and their other source of carbon is bicarbonates right especially as they are essentially a coralline...

Do you think this is definitely the case? as i feel from growing in hard water i have experienced excessive occurences of BGA and rhodophyta alongside detritus and silting in my tanks, do you feel it is solely because of the 'humic substances' or does bicarbonate availability have a part to play...

Good for growing vallis. ;)

https://www.thameswater.co.uk/Help-and-Advice/Water-Quality/Check-the-water-quality-in-your-area put your postcode in here. :)

http://www.essentiallyhops.co.uk/acatalog/Dried-Decoration.html https://www.excelsiorwholesale.co.uk/dried-products/fruit-and-pods.html uk websites... great idea zozo didn't even know these sites existed lol.

Properly dry them before adding them to the aquarium, but it is best if you can get oak leaves from a sheltered place that are already dry.

Regardless of the tap water issue, i feel the more like culprit is the way you are managing the filter box, sedimentation and ammonia build up is probably occuring in the lower layer of the filter media, and being released when you clean the upper layer, i would really consider cleaning it all...

exactly right ian, what you are talking about is the stage at the water processing plant, but also i am referring to the situation that is more likely to affect fishkeepers, the situation where they dig up a main, and then flush ammonia back into the system to produce mono-chloramine to ensure...

Ammonia can be dosed into the water following final chlorination to form a longer lasting disinfectant. Ammonia reacts with chlorine to form chloramines, which decay at a slower rate compared to free chlorine. This can be useful if the water has to travel large distances to reach customer...

Ammonia will not be detected in tap water via cheap ammonia tests, it binds with chlorine to form chloramines whilst in the piping system.

Water companies will add ammonia from time to time when there are works that could risk contamination or backwash into the drinking water system, i actually personally spoke to a thames water manager who was surveying outside where i live, he told me the amount they use is negligable though and...

i use nutrafin aquaplus, its 16 quid for a 2 litre pump bottle, in london we have very high chlorine and chloramine levels in the tap water, i have noticed stress signs and red gills from fish if i dont use a conditioner that neutralizes chlorine and chloramines.