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A bit left field: Beyond Engineering the Aquascape. Mycorrhizal fungi and Art

Onoma1

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12 Aug 2018
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Location
West Yorkshire
I would like to start this with a caveat. I am an absolute beginner. Compulsive watcher of Youtube aquascaping videos - currently binge watching George Farmer, Green Aqua, TGM (again) to ingest any nuggets of wisdom. I am also immensely grateful for the gentle corrections and support of people in the forums as I bumble along with my trial tank. I am a novice.

I have, however, a statement and two questions:

Firstly, I have the feeling that Aquascaping is seen as an engineering problem - measure the PAR, flow, CO2, nutrients and then you can control the auqascape 'system'. The aim isn't to to develop a self regulating system (i.e Walsted) but to engineer an aesthetically pleasing (often temporary) miniature landscape using approaches which are not sustainable (fertilize every day then throw most of it out in a weekly water change). Thus we have a system which is highly fragile and heavily reliant on external inputs.

Artistically much of the work focuses on replicating nature. To do this it draws upon a very limited set of artistic 'rules' either drawn of art from before the 19th century (i.e the golden mean) or which look towards a very traditional approach to eastern art.

The first question is - is anyone challenging the engineering approach and suggesting that you can take a more holistic approach drawing on alternative approaches to systems? One trend, for example, in the wider gardening community is to move away from artificial fertilizers and instead building robust systems. This could be (for example) understanding of the role of mycorrhizal fungi or using a no-dig approach. These concepts could be applied to aquariums . To take the example of fungi - we have known for ten years or more that these fungi are important for transferring nutrients (especially phosphorus) to plants in aquatic habitats. Recent work suggests that they play a key role in tropical environments and are important to the growth of many of the plants we use (i.e Hygrophylla) (de Marins et al.,2009), while the relationship is complex (Fusconi et al., 2018) is seems particularly important for some types of aquatic plant. I am missing something here?

Secondly, aquascaping is an artistic endevour. The tanks that I have seen are breathtaking, however, the dominant approaches either mirror an ideal form of 'nature' or represent a mythical world. In both representations it is interesting that humans and our interventions do not feature and rather than engage us with the world (and the challenges that aquatic landscapes outside of the aquarium face) this is an art form that directs us away into a parallel worlds and landscapes. So the question is - where is the avant garde in aquascaping?

Apologies if I have offended anyone or if these are ignorant questions. I will return to planning how I can engineer my homage to Green Aqua's 90cm cube tank.


Fusconi, A., & Mucciarelli, M. (2018). How important is arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in wetland and aquatic habitats?. Environmental and Experimental Botany.


de Marins, J. F., Carrenho, R., & Thomaz, S. M. (2009). Occurrence and coexistence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate fungi in aquatic macrophytes in a tropical river–floodplain system. Aquatic Botany, 91(1), 13-19.
 
My two cents:
Aquascaping: the scaping itself has nothing to do with the system, Amano started to replicate the feel he got from nature, not mimicing the actual nature. Nowadays it has "evolved" in mimicing forests and trees and paths running of in the distance.
The system has gone in the direction of fast growing plants thoughtfully "manicured". In order to get fast growing plants ( always looking their best) we need a lot of light, in order to facilitate a lot of light we need optimalisation ( CO2. ferts, flow) to avoid algae.
Fungi: apart from the whole amazon area needing fungi to function at all, aquatic plants are very able to absorp nutrients directly at the leaves surface, how those nutrients are released, with or without the help of fungi, is irrelevant. In nature it could well be fungi determine the amount of availability of nutrients. In our small artificial environment ( no continuous waterflow, no continuous nutirent flow) depending on fungi will not be enough.
Fragile system: going "low light, low tech"" is very possible. There are many beautifull and even scape-like tanks going this aproach. These are far less dependent on input and can do with liitle maintenance. But given the size some maintenance will always be neccesary. But closed environment terraria who can go without maintenance for years are possible.
Avant garde: i am just a simple guy who needs to actually work to earn money: what is " avant garde" other then some idea from the art world by people who make a living selling "" ideas"" ?
 
It is certainly possible to have a low tech system. My old island tank pictured below had a cheap built in led light, an internal filter that came with the tank, gravel substrate etc etc (a lot he things that you probably shouldn't have!). The scape looks great (imo) and contains only "easy" plants (I could not grow anything else!).

The thing with many plants in the hobby is that they are not designed for life underwater... many are bog plants that just spend a short period underwater in the rainy season. This is why they need perfect (high tech) conditions in our aquaria to grow because we are forcing something which should not be. To put this in context, think about all those plants which either don't flower in our Aquaria or flower underwater and the flower just rots away. This versus plants like vallis which send out runners or plants that send up stalks which flower at the surface. These plants are not only adapted better to breed underwater but their cellular structure is also more adapted to underwater growth. I won't get technical if that's ok, my approach is not technical and that stuff whilst interesting to me is also not why I'm in the hobby.

A final note then on jungle style aquascapes. These are probably out of vogue for many people but they often represent a better balanced aquarium with more suitable plants imo. This aquascaping style does not have a solid, well recognised definition but I believe it to be using easier plants (often with bigger leaves) alongside the existing aquascaping principles regarding how to make a tank look natural. This area of the hobby I believe will need to see a lot of growth if the hobby is to grow out of its very specialist roots into a mass market. George Farmer has recently set up a low tech tank, he has recently been back to revisit a friend with low tech tanks by popular demand. Etc etc. In my oppinion this is the future of the hobby. There will always be a place for high tech tanks but this is the specialist bit. Like in a fashion mag... there will always be £5000 dresses but most of us shop on the high street!
d1fdc2ddb45f8295b5d9db1a0b6e1f31.jpg
 
Aquascaping is that you want it to be, and I my mind some of the problems with forums are down to them being echo chambers.

If you look around some more, you will find people running tanks that require minimal intervention, and others that run high tech with the twist that they measure parameters to minimize any other interactions than the testing (that means they can go months between water changes).

My take on aquascaping is knowledge driven, I look for peer reviewed articles in relevant areas, and use the research to improve the way I do things. It works for me, I enjoy it and it means that I continue to learn new things (that is also why I'm using forums, in order to get new input for further reading) but you don't need to do that to make nice aquascapes.

There are many schools out there on how to run your aquarium, and most of them work very well. Some of them claims to be based of research but what I have found is that although they work in most cases it is not for the reasons they give. Does that matter at all, as long as they work? I my mind yes because when things go wrong people that are less experienced will be struggling to fix things, and the advice they are given tends to be hit and miss, leaving them with a feeling that they must be misunderstanding something since they can't get things right.

One example of what I would class as really meaningless and potentially bad advice is the phrase 'All you need is to grow plants well, then you won't have problems with algae' because it doesn't help the person with the problem, but if they understand the root causes behind algae growth and plant deficiencies they have a much better chance of fixing the problem.

If you want an aquarium that requires minimal work, that can be done. I have a test box that now have been running for 20 months, and my last water change was something like 5 months ago, I haven't trimmed the HC carpet in it for over a year, it doesn't have CO2 injected and I don't use any fertilizers in it. I feed the Betta that my wife dumped in it every day (when I'm home, otherwise she does it) and give the shrimp some nutrient additives every 2 weeks. Other than that the water gets topped up every couple of weeks, and that is it. It is not a great aquascape, I use it for testing and as a dumping ground for low grade Neocaridina davidi, in order for them to breed back to wildtype.
How did I then do it? I'm not sure, it just happened while experimenting with HC and other plants to see how they would react to a low tech setup, and if you want to have something like it it is not that hard all you need to do is grow plants well...
 
Hi all,
So the question is - where is the avant garde in aquascaping?
Have a look at @zozo's thread about <"Mariele Neudecker">.
The first question is - is anyone challenging the engineering approach and suggesting that you can take a more holistic approach drawing on alternative approaches to systems? One trend, for example, in the wider gardening community is to move away from artificial fertilizers and instead building robust systems. This could be (for example) understanding of the role of mycorrhizal fungi or using a no-dig approach. These concepts could be applied to aquariums .
I think people are interested in this approach (<"I certainly am">). Have a look at <"Problem with EI natural">, from that post until the end of the thread.

I also think that if you looked on Dutch and German forums you would find a lot more interest in the wholistic approach.
....on jungle style aquascapes. These are probably out of vogue for many people but they often represent a better balanced aquarium with more suitable plants imo
That is my approach, plant suitable plants and let them get on with it.

cheers Darrel
 
Have a look at @zozo's thread about <"Mariele Neudecker">.

Cool that you remember that thread.. I totaly forgot ever posting it... :)

So the question is - where is the avant garde in aquascaping?

In the Art world it's rather esotherical and a been there done that aproach, they never do something twice and artists never copy others.. These are a bit unspoken rules in the art scene and so caled new concepts are criticaly scrutinized on originality and so on.. A friend of mine is a teacher in photography at the Art University and a regional celebrity in this scene.. Sometimes i accidentaly end up at an artist gathering at here home. Man!! Those people are strange, very big ego's and highly critical when it comes to others. I'm far from an artist and considered an absolute amature outsider and not allowed to speak nor to have an opinion. That's why these are accidental meetings, if i know up front there is, i steer away and don't go.. :rolleyes:

So i guess what Mariele made, is made and most likely never will be made again. At least if so, it will not realy be put much under public attention, it's done and anything like it will flop in the scene anyway. It will stay inside smaller communities.. Best guess, search image boards like pinterest for inspiration. There you'll find a lot of stuff like that, usualy with a link to the source. You'll discover there aint much that isn't already done before..
3af2138ea7a60acca05ac33463aa1511.jpg

https://nl.pinterest.com/pin/445786063093973420/

d172ae87505e61747b6d3a26d91ea92a.jpg


In the Netherlands the aqauscaping scene is still very small, so searching Dutch forums you will not find that much and the Dutch are way to critical to succesfully moderate a community as open minded as UKAPS is. There is a huge difference in cultural mentality, Dutch communities have very competitive insider groups hard to penetrate. Outsiders/Newcommers with good ideas are hushed rather soon by self proclaimed moderators taking over, defending their position and space. These forums contribute more to other peoples personality than to the hobby.. I guess that's what you get with to much people in a too small country.. :D

Anyway, keep an eye on German scapers communities when it comes to Avant Garde or anything fetish and a like. The scaper community in Gemrany is quite large.. Scapers like Oliver Knott and Sasha Hoyer for example they definitively try to explore some boundries between art and nature. :)
 
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My two cents:
Aquascaping: the scaping itself has nothing to do with the system, Amano started to replicate the feel he got from nature, not mimicing the actual nature.
Avant garde: i am just a simple guy who needs to actually work to earn money: what is " avant garde" other then some idea from the art world by people who make a living selling "" ideas"" ?

Edvet - forgive me for disagreeing with someone who has given me such useful advice, however, my understanding is while Amano wanted to replicate nature he did this by blending his artistic skills to interpret natural environments (drawing upon ancient artistic traditions) and engineering systems to manage the microcosms of the outside world. The ADA approach is all about beautifully designed and engineered tools to keep systems balanced.

Avant guarde in my view is led by people who have different visions of how things can be. These are the innovators that produce new ways of thinking and being. I think, however, the Avant guarde inevitably become the consensus. Look for example at impressionism in art - it was seen as revolutionary, most of the painters involved in this movement couldn't give their art away. Now this art adorns everything from the table cloths through to tins of cake. Amano was part of the Avant guarde in aquascaping - a revolutionary with a precise vision for the future. Now I think he is rapidly becoming the view of the majority. We need more Amanos - people who are willing to challenge the existing norms and continue to push boundaries.
 
Thanks to everyone who has responded to the post so far - lots of food for thought and things to look up. Zozo - thanks for the great links and images to the work in Germany. I will follow up on this. I do, however, have a different view on who or what Artists are. I have a more democratic view.

When I see the scapes posted on the forum I see art. I see individuals expressing their creativity by creating often very beautiful objects.

George Farmer is a master of this art form as was Amano and is James Finley etc. Look at Nigel's recent scape posted on this form and tell me it isn't an artistic creation.

While the creations of these aquascapers are ephemeral and ever changing the act of making them is one of artistic expression. They are, therefore, producing, in it's most quintessential form, modern art.

The people Zozo mentioned seem like pseudo-intellectual snobs who sound very insecure. I would avoid them as well! I don't think, however, I would suggest that these are people that want to make their living through the production of art - just a small subset of 'artists'.

Ok so one artist that I like and would like to emulate in an aquascape (one day) is Paula Hayes who has challenged the idea of the shape and form of aquarium using acrylic. Her work on terrariums and planters is also amazing:


Rn0ectDRCihTK4NKYUtU2qVUoO1l2wmmkX43_XdtDA5X4sFA2g.jpg


e-museum-of-modern-art-on-53rd-picture-id677637462.jpg
 
honestly, making a tank turn into SHAPES and the tank being art itself, distracted from the scape itself. Ruining the work in a way.
#SquaresForLife

Not to mention they also hinder the maintenance by a whole bunch. due to impractical designs.
 
And a final thought about engaging. When I look to the wider garden design movement they engage with real world problems. Climate change, the damage being done to the natural world that we all love. Tom Massey in a recently produced a design for an exhibition in Singapore which focused on climate change and the impact on the ecology of the area. I am not a great fan of the design, however, it is making a wider point:

IMG_2974.jpg
 
Honestly,
im not in Aquascaping to MAKE A MESSAGE, im in it for the exact opposite, i think things like that kind of completely and utterly Ruin the hobby.
bringing political things and other things in that similar genre into the hobby- with the intention to "spread a message" isn't what makes this hobby so great.

what makes this hobby so great is that we push all that bs aside, conjoin as one and get along with each other. We also help each other learn about the Science of the hobby (and science, IN, the hobby) and related topics.We teach each other new things about Aquascaping, and enact on those teachings to improve our scapes to what we would like them to look like.

Im 100% sure i worded some parts of this wrong so disregard if the last paragraph doesn't make absolute sense lol
 
DutchMutch...I agree about why we are involved and have benefited from this. I wouldn't want to change this or to politicize what you do and I try to do. I do, however, think it could be space for alternative expressions of the artform.
 
Paula Hayes who has challenged the idea of the shape and form of aquarium using acrylic

Hermetosphere! (Hermetospäre) Also an artistic term launched in Germany. A scene where people create little sealed planted objects from glas. It started with planted sealed bottle garden which actualy is a rather old custom. After concepts as Bonsai, Wabi Kusa and Kokedama etc. were launched in the west. People got more and more creative with planting sealed containers in different forms and style. you might want to keep watching on image boards. Now and then realy nifty and artistic creations come along. Also seen rather smaal glas objects with absolute stunning tiny planted landscapes in it. But than you go solely planted without lifestock, there the sky is the limit if you also happen to be a skilled glasblower and or other craft.

http://www.steampunk-archiv.de/allerlei.html

37684570_241826396454665_1162388166578012160_n.jpg


When it comes to aqaurium with life stock, the main goal in aqauscaping should be to respect an animal freindly invironment in which the fish can display natural behaivor as much as possible. As already said above there for it should also be maintenance friendly.. In aquascaping contests the judges also use this as criterium to judge a creation. And to be honest, imho, judges already are moving this boundry questionably beyond the animals favor to keep participants in the hobby inovative and less repetitive. I guess there is an end to stretching this boundry and it forms a limit in beeing realy out of the box creative as a front runner (Avant-Garde) artist. At some point it will be and stay repetition with the difference in tiny details.. :)
 
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I’ve really enjoyed reading this thread. I do ask myself though ‘why think deeper’? The hobby for common mortals should be fun (otherwise why do it?).
There are so many different strands of the hobby that you can go down and methods of creating the look of the scape that you like. Keep it long term or short term, it makes no difference as long as you and others enjoyed the process. Sometimes the results are fantastic, other times not so great. That is the same with any hobby, sometimes you fly other times you bomb. With practice and experience results getter ‘better’.

Think deeper and go avante garde is trying a new way or style. I’ll be wowed by some tanks, others not so. I might want to try a new method that gets good results. All good.

I think what I am trying to say is, Whatever style you want to go down it should be about enjoying it :)
 
Hi all,
While the creations of these aquascapers are ephemeral and ever changing the act of making them is one of artistic expression. They are, therefore, producing, in it's most quintessential form, modern art.
I think that is very true, and I can't find the thread, but I think we have one, some where, that explores this area.

This was my daughter's <"Art GCSE project">, where she took a series of photos of a moss scape as it grew in.

dennerle1-jpg-84870-jpg.jpg


Originally she'd intended to let it dry out towards the end, but eventually she flooded it, and <"it was all down hill from there">.

cheers Darrel
 
DutchMutch...I agree about why we are involved and have benefited from this. I wouldn't want to change this or to politicize what you do and I try to do. I do, however, think it could be space for alternative expressions of the artform.
Thanks for the reply, and sorry i didnt see it sooner! life is busy as a bee haha!
The great thing (i agree with you there) about this entire hobby is this:
You do what you want.
Even if its bad, and you'll end up 99% of the time suffering from the consequences of that decision.
and even if its good, you'll end up 100% of the time learning from it and even maybe giving that decision a try again.

The "decision" could be anything, keeping this fish in this size tank, planting this in this environment, creating a glass cage in a weird shape, its ultimately up to the creator. That is what makes this hobby so great and inviting.
 
But than you go solely planted without lifestock, there the sky is the limit if you also happen to be a skilled glasblower and or other craft.

.......

When it comes to aqaurium with life stock, the main goal in aqauscaping should be to respect an animal freindly invironment in which the fish can display natural behaivor as much as possible. As already said above there for it should also be maintenance friendly.. In aquascaping contests the judges also use this as criterium to judge a creation. And to be honest, imho, judges already are moving this boundry questionably beyond the animals favor to keep participants in the hobby inovative and less repetitive. I guess there is an end to stretching this boundry and it forms a limit in beeing realy out of the box creative as a front runner (Avant-Garde) artist. At some point it will be and stay repetition with the difference in tiny details.. :)


I can't even begin to express how much I agree with you here, we are pushing the limits, I do it myself mainly for the intellectual challenge, and it isn't always giving a more nature like look, quite the opposite. The funny thing is that really long term aquascapes that have been running for years isn't really something I tend to see that often, and I often wonder if that is down to the aquascaping contests formats favoring complex setups that are hard to run for years.
 
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