Search results for query: Limnobium

Hi all, Yes, like a cross between a health supplement business and an <"unborn child sex prediction service"> - "you get your money back if we predict the wrong sex for your baby". The commercial issue with solutions like <"live food">, <"rain water">, using your <"tap water as a...

Castle's are absolute monsters. Mine are marginally fuller than yours, Darrel. When the roots reach the substrate it is a PITA too, when you pull them out they muck everything up... I really like the polyrhizas. They get flak since they look likee lemnas, but they're larger and don't act as a...

...is a response to fairly lean rations. It is really the ratio of rosette to root that is important, <"if you have a very large plant it will have large roots">. These are @castle 's plants wher ethe roots had reached the substrate <"Looks like my Limnobium laevigatum has flowered?"> cheers...

...the plants split from it) are all New World. A lot of floating plants are biotope appropriate Azolla caroliniana, Phyllanthus fluitans, Limnobium (Hydrocharis) laevigatum & Pistia stratiotes for example. You can set the Flowgrow plant database to region <"Flowgrow"> *I'll add this bit in...

...when going lowtech. I have salvinia natans wich I understand is not the best to apply this method. I will try to get my hands on some Limnobium laevigatum, hoping it won't rot because of the humidity there is under the lid. I think my aquadur will last for at least a year at the rate I'm...

I have Salvinia Natans in my tank which was given to me by @dw1305 and it no longer looks anything like his (please excuse Mr Snail) due to the different, but equally healthy, growing conditions. The Salvinia grows so quickly in my tank that it covers the water surface long before I get...

...and high light, it has been enjoying itself, but may still be nutrient deficient, you just can't tell. The advantage of Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium (<"Hydrocharis laevigata">) laevigatum)) is that its leaf remains "leaf green" under high light etc., which allows you to use the Rice...

Hi all, Red green colour blindness does add another <"layer of complexity">. I think so, they look paler green, that could just be a <"lesser need for chlorophyll"> or it could be the start of chlorosis (below). Certainly true, judging leaf colour is definitely easier with a larger leaf...

I am not sure, as a color-blind I am not good at differentiating the shades of colors. That's why I like the frogbit, it has a better contrast between leaves on the same plant. I took some out, put them next to each other, and took pictures; I am not sure, maybe some leaves on the left side...

...a quicker diagnosis of nutrient deficiency (and their subsequent recovery). As you have both old and new "duckweeds", what does your Lemna look like? I would expect it would begin to <"show deficiency symptoms">, in the new leaves, before the Limnobium (Hydrocharis) laevigatum did. cheers...

...strands are hanging in there in between the Elocharis, not sure if there’s any way to revive them. I’ve got a mix of floaters: Salvinia, Limnobium and Phyllantus all growing vigorously and looking happy and green. The tank is about 2.5 metres from a large east facing window and gets quite...

...think it probably is. You can definitely reduce the nutrients to a levels where Bolbitis heudelotii will survive, but Lemna minor, Salvinia auriculata group, Pistia stratiotes and eventually Limnobium laevigatum will slowly dwindle away and die (usually in that order in my tanks). cheers...

...reflects that my tanks get some ambient light. People are often happy to swap or take them, and you maybe able to swap the Red Root Floater (Phyllanthus fluitans). Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) and Water Spangles (Salvinia auriculata group) for a credit note at your LFS. cheers Darrel

...of easy plants ordered from Aquarium Gardens (excellent quality!) I went for the Plant Collection for up to 36" Jungle Style Tank, plus Limnobium laevigatum and Phyllanthus fluitans as floaters. I'm not convinced on the look of the floaters to be honest, but I hope they will grow quick and...

Is this the information about our water I’m looking for? I have had plants in from as little as 2 weeks to as long as 4 months and I have seen a very, very small growth on the older plants which is why I was considering aqua soil as I want the plants and fish to thrive. I have a small amount...

...might put you off! Or if your plants don't mind buried stems you might not even need to do that. And adding a floating plant such as limnobium laevigatum (see @dw1305 's What is the duckweed index? post). That will help you troubleshoot any nutrient / fertiliser issues and help get the...

...I've seen them out in the open just once since then. Are they still alive - who knows! I've also thinned out the floating plants (the limnobium laevegatum doing very nicely - all green as grass) and sunk the ceratopteris thalictroides (its immersed growth looks really nice). I have also...

Hi all, You can use the <"Nutrient Dosing Calculator"> to work out an amount. Just choose "11% FeDTPA" as your compound, add in the tank size and aim for ~ 0.2 ppm Fe as your target. If you are an Excel user? The<"IFC Aquarium Fertilizer Calculator"> will give you a lot more options. In...

I have seen this plant and really like the look of it but will it do well as a floater in a Discus tank with a high temperature (28c).

Hi all, Unfortunately only when <"new leaves grow">. Have a look at - <"Duckweed Index says Nitrogen please?"> & <"Plant deficiencies and the Fe Experiment">. The plant can't move iron (Fe) around the plant to new tissue, or store it for a <"rainy day"> - <"Should i start to fertilize?">...

How long would it take to see improvement with the iron dosing? I've also just ordered Tropica Specialised Nutrition, I'm moving away from Profito. I'll do a big water change this weekend and start dosing the new fertz to see if that helps.

...to <"dose a complete fertiliser">, you don't need to dose EI levels, but you need at least <"petrol fumes">. Thank-you for the Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) picture, it is exactly what we need. This is what healthy Frogbit looks like <"Floaters">. We can rule out CO2 and light, so...

Hey Darrel, I only added these a week ago from an in-vitro pot so I don't expect them to look too great just yet although I will attach a picture for you of them. There does seem to be new shoots on a few of them which looks positive atleast 🤞 Even though I know floating plants are a huge help...

...Have a look at <"What is the “Duckweed Index” all about?">, it is quite a long thread, but should cover all the bits of interest. All floating plants fulfill this same role, the major advantage of <"Amazon Frogbit"> (Hydrocharis (Limnobium) laevigata) is <"its green leaf">. cheers Darrel

I have some new to me, previously well cared-for, limnobium laevigatum in the tank. Been a few weeks. Overall some are growing like crazy, but I'm now seeing netting on some. @dw1305 's 'What is the Duckweed Index all about?' suggests Iron deficiency. Keen to nip this in the bud. I'm...

Hi all, I'm obviously not an EI user, but I think that is the <"advantage of both Estimative and Duckweed Indices">, you don't need to worry about <"ratios or trying to measure"> the amount of nutrients in the water column. I think that where the <"Duckweed Index">* has an advantage <"over all...

Hi, after some weeks of darkstart, I added microsorum petite, some nymphea (fake nymphea aka peltata and nymphea pygmea helvola) and limnobium laevigatum, the fishes all came from my freshly rescaped aquascaping tanks so it’s an bit of a strange mix but they seems to do well; -7 hyphessobrycon...

Hi all, Have a look at <"Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) phytoremediation references">. I have a lot of phytoremediation references, but I'm only updating the "Aquarium" related ones at present, this is because it isn't an area <"we are working in"> at the moment. cheers Darrel

I got quite a bit of ammonia out of tropica soil (even after soaking for 3 months), 3ppm was measured before filters kicked in

...only variable would be the plant. I'd also add some dKH. For the first run through I would just use water, fertiliser and Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium (Hydrocharis) laevigatum). Using a shallow dish would allow gas exchange and I'd could measure TAN in situ daily with an Ion Selective...

...encourage a beneficial microbial flora. Plant / microbe phytoremediation is actually quite a hot topic at the moment - <"Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) phytoremediation references">. This research has been driven largely by the DNA revolution, scientists can sample systems for the...

Hi all, I think we've probably <"all been there">. That is the one. The other advantage Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium (Hydrocharis) laevigatum) has is that it has very little structural tissue, meaning that it can respond fairly quickly to changes in nutrient level. You can see the cell...

Hi all, Christel Kasselman (@Christel) is another long day advocate - <"Lighting duration">. Those <"were the reasons for me">. The tropical day is ~12 hours long and <"the sun is incredibly bright"> and I'd rather look at a lit tank than an unlit one. I'll guess that I also differ from...

...Cucumber etc. If you don't? I'd start and I'd expect that will stop happening. Plant health looks fine. That one looks like it might be <"Limnobium spongia">, which isn't a species I've grown. What @MichaelJ, @_Maq_ & @John q say, you don't need to remineralise your water to anything like...

...as a filtering aid at Start Up!">. You can always add a floating plant, it will start the seasoning process and won't become algae covered etc. Have a look at <"What is the “Duckweed Index” all about?"> and <"Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) phytoremediation references">. cheers Darrel

...day before yesterday. One of my cryptocorynes released new leave. The new leaves looks very twisted, curled. Yesterday I received floater limnobium levigatum, added straight to tank. Is it deficiency of sth? According to this twisted leave could it be Boron deficiency? Or to less Ca...

Hi, all Thank you for your Help. I have ordered some limnobium levigatum. I expect this to be delivered tomorrow 4th January. The reason why I am asking is, I can see new shots from Ludwigia palustris super red. The new shots are very small and reddish, first days they are okay, without any...

Hi all, I don't think there will be (m)any new Limnobium laevigatum phytoremediation papers that deal with nitrogenous wastes, purely because there has been enough research to hone in on the plants that give you most "bang for your buck". I'm expecting that research will concentrate on...

...Nutrient-Deficient Condition>. I'll guess that this is a very similar situation to that that <"occurs in all floating plants"> (including Limnobium laevigatum), and that the microbe diversity situation is very similar to the one reported for nitrifying organisms in biofilters <"The...

References and some background reading. There is a list of (mainly) Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) wastewater phytoremediation references at: <"Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) phytoremediation references">. I'll carry on updating this link as I get new references. Books Diana...

Hi all, Not specifically for Limnobium laevigatum, but a paper looking at <"plant / root microbe"> interactions in Lemna minor (my original "duckweed"): Makino, A., Nakai, R., Yoneda, Y., Toyama, T., Tanaka, Y., Meng, X.Y., Mori, K., Ike, M., Morikawa, M., Kamagata, Y. and Tamaki, H., (2022)...

...per 5 litres. I did the test for fe today aswell and it showed 0.05-0.1mg/l. Test from jbl. It was slightly pink- ish... I ordered today limnobium levigatum to have floating plant to start learn on this indicator. But in general is that possible that plants absorbing so much po4? Are...

What is the future for the Duckweed Index II, is it a mix of floaters? You might remember @castle's Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) photo from <"earlier in the thread">. The other plant in the photo is Red-root Floater (Phyllanthus fluitans) - <"Phyllanthus fluitans - Tropica Aquarium...

...particularly among <"German Apistogramma keepers"> and with <"Tropica"> alluding to it in their product description for Amazon Frogbit - <"Limnobium laevigatum - Tropica Aquarium Plants">. They say: Alternative plants for the Duckweed Index. In terms of the floating plant I've concentrated...

Fertilisers and the Duckweed Index. Substrate In nutrient terms rooted plants have access to the substrate, and that is a world of <"unknown unknowns">, with a huge number of <"potential variables">. Nutrients that aren't available in the water column <"may be plant available"> within the...

Hi all, Madsen, J.D. and Morgan, C.M., (2021). "Water temperature controls the growth of water hyacinth and South American sponge plant". J. Aquat. Plant Manag. , 31 pp.28-32...

...the <"Should i start to fertilize?"> thread as it is relevant to iron and well worth a read. You can also see some healthy Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) in the photo. I'll start a new post, but we need to carry on talking about iron and the mechanisms for <"keeping it in solution">...

...'s post <"Cloudy Water Hazy Water and Algae!">, because <"a picture is worth a thousand words">. This iron deficient Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) (thank-you to @jameson_uk for the photo, from <"Duckweed Index says Nitrogen please?">). I'm sure @jameson_uk won't mind me mentioning...

...thread to itself), but for those who want to know more about using plants to clean polluted water we have some threads: <"Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) phytoremediation references"> and <"How Floating Wetlands Are Helping to Clean Up Urban Waters"> - (original article - <"How...

Why a rooted emergent plant would have been optimal. In the last section I mentioned <"atmospheric gases">, and while CO2 was the focus, all aerobic organisms require oxygen (O2) and I'll say a bit more about oxygen now. It will only be "a bit", because this is a huge subject area and requires...

...ever know”>. After some experimentation I found that there was a "Duckweed" that didn't have these limitations, and it was Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium (Hydrocharis) laevigatum). So “Frogbit Index” would be a better name, but <”I think that ship may have already sailed”>. Amazing Amazon...

Floating plants are on my want to buy list 100%. Would like some Phyllanthus Fluitans but the problem is the surface flow return from the sump is quite high to keep the flow out of the main body of water and try not to disrupt the Discus too much. That and due to their heavy feeding I need to...

...(my tank, low nutrients softish water) the plants are now reasonably healthy* but you can see that leaf rosette size of the Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) & Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) is fairly small and the Lesser Duckweed (Lemna minor) is pale in colour. * I'll come back to...

...(N) fertilisers, originally developed for Rice (Oryza sativa) farmers. In the "Duckweed Index" we have just substituted Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) for Rice, but the approach is the same, we can use the leaf colour to assess plant nutrient status. The LCC was developed from...

...add a <"floating plant">, many of them are <"biotope appropriate"> and they are <"adapted to warm temperatures">. I'm an <"Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) obsessive"> (and <"Salvinia auriculata group"> would also do), but Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) would be my preferred option...

...10. Water change regime: 20-50% per week depending on dead leavs and other mess. 11. Plant list: Vallis Americana since Oct 2020 Limnobium Laevigatum since Oct 2020 although new added in August 2022 due to condensation damage on old growth Saggitaria Subbulata since Oct 2020 Vesicularia...

...and your “test kit”. When you thin the plants, you remove the nutrients they contain from the aquarium. Fig 1: Healthy Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium (Hydrocharis laevigata) laevigatum), my preferred <“Duckweed”> for the “Duckweed Index”. Photo by @Cédric from <"The scientific background to...

I've got some red root floaters mixed in with my frogbit, maybe I can share some photos! What I'm wondering is how do I know my plants have all the 14 essential nutrients? How do I know if they don't have enough nitrogen? And what are my options are if they don't?

Hi all, It won't be <"light intensity">. If it is the new leaves that are pale? It may be iron (Fe) deficiency <"Should i start to fertilize?">. cheers Darrel

...the equation. I stopped using Lesser Duckweed (Lemna minor) because <"it doesn't like low nutrients or soft water">, but Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) is a "Duckweed" <"without these disadvantages">. At some point I'm going to try the <"VIMI"> method where I mix Red-root Floater...

...but this is not showing much growth or pushing out runners, is it a slow grower ? or is something missing ? Ive got some floating plants Limnobium laevigatum that not growing too well, leaves are going light green and dying off, is the light too bright, or is it missing something ? I am...

...10. Water change regime: 20-50% per week depending on dead leavs and other mess. 11. Plant list: Vallis Americana since Oct 2020 Limnobium Laevigatum since Oct 2020 although new added in August 2022 due to condensation damage on old growth Saggitaria Subbulata since Oct 2020 Vesicularia...

Hi all, I'd strongly recommend some floating plants. It doesn't really matter which one, but my "go to plant" is Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) <"The scientific background to the "Leaf Colour Chart"">. The advantages of a floating plant are: Access to atmospheric gases, including 420...

Hi all, They look fine. Looking at the colour of the older Limnobium leaves they look like you've probably had "luxury" nitrogen uptake in the past. <"The scientific background to the "Leaf Colour Chart"">. cheers Darrel

...Biofiltration - SWISSTROPICALS"> & <"Anaerobic alkaline substrate - iron, natural products?">. Agreed, the <"Duckweed / Frogbit / Limnobium Index"> would have been better with a rooted emergent plant and that <"was where I originally started">, the problem is just that not all tanks can...

...nitrogen and poor in phosphorus. That's an example, any other imbalance is possible. Only plants will tell you for sure. @dw1305's famous Limnobium index is of limited applicability in your case because floaters are indeed dependent solely on nutrients in the water column. That's not the...

Yes, floating plants can increase the consumption drastically, I suppose. The aerial advantage... In fact, I do not cultivate any floaters. But I'm about to try @dw1305's Limnobium, just to learn something new.

...of algae in the tank. While waiting for the iron to arrive I added a little organic plant fertiliser as a last ditch attempt to save the limnobium - it may well have helped the algae but no obvious signs it's helped the limnobium, which is starting to succumb (one piece is dead, the other...

...some of the clay rich top soil as my feeling is that might have helped. In other news I spotted a couple of tiny hitchhiker snails! Probably from the very same Limnobium, as I bought it off eBay. Aware they can be considered a pest but still I'm excited to have some living creatures in the tank.

Hi all, They (and your Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum)) look pretty healthy. I know what you mean, but I think it is too green and the branching doesn't look quite right. I'm pretty sure it is a <"Green Algae">. It looks like it might be a <"Cladophora sp.">, they have <"branching...

It's two 1200 lumen lights, I can switch one off if needed. I've got a tiger lotus and limnobium laevigatum, but they are going to take a while to get established.

...literature (books, LFS, most forums) grossly under-estimate just how effective plants are at reducing nutrient levels <"Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) phytoremediation references">. I would still regard <"water changes as non-negotiable">. You don't have to change a <"large volume of...

...Hydrocotyle leucocephala Micranthemum monte carlo Hygrophila pinnatifida Anubias barteri Cryptocoryne wendtii "green" Green tiger lotus Limnobium laevigatum Hydrocotyle tripartita (Japan) Ceratopteris Siliquosa (Water Sprite) Red root floaters Current livestock: 4 red cherry shrimp 1 zebra...

...that you use the growth and leaf colour of a floating plant (originally "Lesser Duckweed" (Lemna minor) & subsequently "Amazon Frogbit" (Limnobium laevigatum)) to keep your plants in the <"goldilocks zone"> where the availability of <"Liebig's limiting nutrient"> never stops plant growth...

...easily if you <"had a floating plant">, they aren't CO2 limited and show a <"quick response to nutrient level">. <"I like"> Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum), it acts as both <"nutrient indicator and nutrient reducer"> and I would trust its response more than I would most of the <"test...

Hi all, Yes, exactly that. It is just because I rely on the <"leaf size, vigour and greenness"> of Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) as an indication of when nutrients are needed. There is more explanation here: <"The scientific background to the "Leaf Colour Chart"">. The problem with...

Just went to Samut Songkhram, Central Thailand. Here’s native Hydrocharis dubia (syn. Limnobium dubium), Lemna sp. and Azolla sp. in the plantation canal. And Pontederia hastata in the river. @dw1305 is probably a fan of the floaters!

...That was really why I ended up with Lemna minor (Lesser Duckweed) (<"originally">) and subsequently Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum), it had to be a <"leaf green"> plant, it needed to not be bothered about water hardness and to show a <"very plastic growth response to nutrients">. a...

Hi all, Looking at your Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) it looks like it has been through <"iron (Fe) and / or magnesium (Mg) deficiency">, but is <"now recovering">. cheers Darrel

Thank you for that information. I think it's the best explanation of a dark start that I have read. I'm starting to feel more inclined to try it, and once my impatience gets the better of me, I'll switch over to plants. Just out of curiosity, once I start doing frequent water changes, can that...

...is quite tricky in Australia, because they have biosecurity laws and some states have banned most potential invasives, even Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) <"Amazon frogbit | Business Queensland"> & <"Amazon Frogbit"> and Eichornia spp. are a definite non-starter...

Hi all, I'd guess that they do, it is true for most plants, but I don't specifically know for Limnobium about root : shoot ratio. I actually don't tend to worry too much about root development, <"leaf size and colour"> are my main metrics, mainly because a quick look (<"or photo">) is all that...

Sorry for the late replies but I’m thinking for some more questions… That’s nice knowing that it can detect higher nutrients level as well. Do you know if the floating plants do generate more roots in lower nutrients? I realised that larger plants, such Cryptocoryne and Echinodorus, frequently...

...links">. The reason I like a floating plant is that it takes CO2 and PAR out of the equation, and the reason I settled on Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) was It has a leaf green leaf (like <"Rice (Oryza sativa)">), isn't bothered by water hardness or alkalinity and shows a <"very...

...that I have not a single idea of how chemistry works but I want to try out the duckweed index to reduce ferts expenses so I purchased some Limnobium to try out duckweed index. As far as I understand and if I’m not wrong, Duckweed index is basically means to add fertilizer to the tank when...

...believe that <"the Snail shell index"> is the way forward for low tech keepers. A bit like the <"Duckweed Index"> (using Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum)) you can use it across a whole range of water hardness. Can't keep any snails alive with their shells rapidly disintegrating? You...

Yep, limnophila sessiliflora is the one. Probably my favourite plant. Give it light and ferts and it grows! Maybe some limnobium laevigatum to go with your other floaters? I have a spider plant with its roots in the tank and rhizome and leaves in the air - an option if you like that sort of...

...you could use some "old" water from it. It can help a little. I think that since Salvinia has quite short roots it will look better than Limnobium, but it's your choice and in case it will take 30 seconds to remove them. There is also Phyllanthus fluitans that would fit well. About your R...

...but I'd already started calling it the <"Duckweed Index"> before I changed over from Lesser Duckweed (Lemna minor) to Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum). I think, even though I'd written about the technique before 2008, that I only started calling it the "Duckweed Index" after I'd joined...

Hi all, They look all right, but they definitely <"could be doing better">. The reticulated (net) pattern on the older Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) leaves is either magnesium (Mg) or iron (Fe) deficiency. If it is iron, it happened a while ago. Have a look at <"Frogbit taken a turn">. I'm...

...they dont look good and dont even have any good roots to fall back on. I assume this is Hydrocharis frogbit (?) and not Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) that we usually keep in our temperate/tropical aquariums. I dont have a lot of pond experience (well, none), but plants are plants and...

Hi all, Single Tropica pot <"Limnobium laevigatum - Tropica Aquarium Plants">? or <"possibly members have some spare">? I have some spare if nobody else offers. It is going to <"grow pretty rapidly"> with reasonable nutrients, so a lot of members will thin theirs every week. cheers Darrel

Thanks Darrel, I will get some frogbit and give it a try, I'm currently using an auto doser so can just up the ferts easily if the frogbit is looking like it needs it Also how much frogbit should I add to start with??

Hi all, It has a <"number of advantages">, so Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) is definitely my preferred "Duckweed". I'm <"obviously biased">, but it works. The only real revision I've made since I swapped from Lesser Duckweed (Lemna minor) is that I've been using a <"hybrid version">...

...don't mind that beyond that it shows a nutrient imblance I should start targetting. And the Hygrophilla is basically not growing at all. Limnobium, and water sprite still growing like weeds. I haven't worked out a good pruning regimen for them I tend to just let them grow and then hack them...

...reineckii 'Mini' X3 Rotala wallichii X3 Cryptocoryne undulatus 'Broad Leaf' X3 Cryptocoryne crispatula X2 Salvinia auriculata X1 Limnobium laevigatum X3 Nymphoides hydrophylla 'Taiwan' X1 Heteranthera zosterifolia X2 Sagittaria subulata X1 Staurogyne repen X3 Eleocharis pusilla X30 Eleocharis...

Yeah i want plenty of depth, I’ve also seen can make substrate higher at the back to help with that also. wood wise just make sure its something entirely smooth no sharp bits and try and avoid thin parts that make eventually cause damage? im hoping once its all in its done and i wont have to...

...substrate about an inch thick, a few rocks to structure an 'aquascape'. Successful plants were siamensis 53B, limnophila sessiliflora, and limnobium laevigatum. I also bought and melted vallisneria torta and abandoned hydrocotyle leucocephala. Equipment-wise, I had a hang-on-back filter...

With regards to the plants you’ve mentioned darrel, would they be suitable for a 50l with lid for a betta? im hoping to do a soil substrate as seems the most natural and logical from a plant nutrition stand point from what I’ve managed to understand from the varied online information. like the...

...need to do is re-run this <"The scientific background to the "Leaf Colour Chart""> experiment, but with randomised single rosettes of Limnobium laevigatum and a lower range of nitrogen values. I then just match the colour and NO3- level for my <"standard nutrient solution">, get wet mass /...