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I used to do that because of the same reason (varied chlorine level). Now I use a chlorine test kit (OTO type, not the DPD) with dechlorinators and haven't got a bad surprise ever since. PS. I specifically use the OTO type because it's fast, simple, cheap, and no "bleaching out" effect. Some...

EI is to oversupply the ferts but still within safely level. So that you don't have to test to check if something is short. Initially, curious people (me too) still tested, then they stopped after a while. For me it was because levels (hobby grade NO3, PO4 test kits) were as expected.

You mean ST? If so, it will neutralise the chlorine part in chloramine and do nothing to the ammonia. So ST is not suitable for tap containing chloramine.

I used this calculator. http://www.koiphen.com/forums/koicalcs.php?do=calcst The calculator's default of 1 PPM Chlorine was OK. Until one day it seemed chlorine level was unusually high that the amount for 1 PPM was inadequate. After that I always use a chlorine test kit and have found that...

When you do regular water changes, the ferts do not keep rising forever. There is always a capped limit. For example, if you dose 20 PPM of NO3 a week and do 50% water change every week and the plants use none of it. The NO3 in your tank will never exceed 40 PPM (2X), regardless how long you run...

BTW, the post in the link above was posted by Greg Watson but Tom wrote it. Hence the word "Copyright Tom Barr 2005" at the end. And who else would use "where" in place of "were" (and "CMS" in place of CSM). :angelic:

It seems he used Hach and Lamotte test kits in developing EI. Then, around 2005, he used a colormetric multiparameter spectrophotometer. https://barrreport.com/threads/the-estimative-index-of-dosing-or-no-need-for-test-kits.52/

Tap water parameters that ADA used as a reference in one of their old articles or news which still can be found here: https://en.roslinyakwariowe.pl/articles/subsoil/585-difference-between-podoami-ada-aqua-soil-amazonia-africana-malaya.html pH: 7.6 KH: 2 NH4: <0.01 NO3: 0 PO4: 0.5 The chart in...

Hi, the water parameters of Indawgyi lake (from page 55 of this document http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/stufo/cd-0768/thesis.pdf ) Using the WHO's terms of "total hardness" and "total alkalinity", the mg/l is CaCO3 equivalent. So I think they would translate to 3.9 dGH and 5.5 dKH. There are...

Edit: sorry, wrong lake, wrong data :oops:

Yes. But I would regard the 0.6 PPM a week as medium though, not small. To give you some perspective: The EI article here ( https://www.ukaps.org/index.php?page=dosing-with-dry-salts ) calls for 0.5 PPM of Fe a week. ADA Green Brighty Step 3 will give 0.017 PPM of Fe daily (or 0.119 weekly)...

I think it is. There are many studies about it. And one of them I've found is about Vallisneria natans vs NH4. "indicating that a moderate NH4 -N concentration (<0.3 mg L−1 ) benefited the plant, whereas the high NH4 -N concentration (>0.56 mg L−1 ) eliminated the plant completely."...

I think you may be confusing two of their products. Aquarium Soil: http://tropica.com/en/plant-care/aquarium-soil/aquarium-soil/ No capping is required for this one. Plant Growth Substrate: http://tropica.com/en/plant-care/substrate/ This one (as they say) needs capping. When this happens to...

Well, the attached (advertising) image is very big and gives a feeling of in-your-face. :confused: When I opened the thread and saw the image, I suddenly wondered what the reaction would be. :lol:

Although ph is logarithmic, it's not very far from white vinegar (pH 2.4). I don't quite believe the result is right.

They will block the chlorine part in chloramine, what is left is ammonia/ammonium.

Just in case it is overlooked, the first example study in alto's post uses nitrate from KNO3. I have no idea though, about familiarity between the common carp and the fish we keep.

40 PPM after water change is still unnecessarily high, I figure no fish likes swimming in its own waste or the by-product of it. I would aim for 30-40 PPM before weekly water change. But there is a big caveat, can you trust the test kit?

Years ago, my brother did a 100% water change using water that had been kept very long in a water butt. All fish died. Yeah I also think it was from lacking of oxygen. And Prime just worsens the problem as it also reduces oxygen level.

[Measured dGH - (PPM of Ca / 7.147)] x 4.333 4.333 PPM of Mg = 1dGH (German degree) 7.147 PPM of Ca = 1dGH (German degree)

API's GH/KH test kit, I have used one. The KH part is OK and has a long shelf life. But the GH part has short shelf life, the older it gets the more drops it needs to change the colour. When I first used it, it reported 3 dGH. Months later it was 6, then 8, and eventually the colour won't change...

For the sake of correctness, there was a minor error in calculating CaCl2 :oops: The more precise answer is: adding 19.79 mg of Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) per 1 litre of water = 1 dGH. PS. If the one you're using is calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2.2H2O), adding 26.22 mg of it per 1 litre of...

The calculation I made was for CaCl2 (anhydrous calcium chloride) and MgSO4.7H2O (magnesium sulfate heptahydrate or Epsom salt). It was based on 1 German degree = 17.848 ppm as CaCO3. There is a calculator for GH: http://www.lenntech.com/ro/water-hardness.htm (I just use the same method but...

2 dGH.

Adding 43.95 mg of Epsom salt (MgSO4.7H2O) per 1 litre of water = 1 dGH. Adding 20.15 mg of Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) per 1 litre of water = 1 dGH. Bicarbonate in the kitchen... is that Sodium bicarbonate? If so, it will increase KH only.

That's right, no problem then.

Yes, but it just neutralises the Chlorine part, leaving Ammonia/Ammonium free. I used to use hypo and lost an Oto cat because of it. That's the reason I switched back to Prime.

Your concern is about heavy metals, right?. If Seachem Safe is still too expensive. Well, I read many dechlorinators use EDTA to squeeze the metals. So dosing some micros fert may help the issue. Since usually there is an amount of excess EDTA in it. For example, this liquid Fe-EDTA contains a...

Really, if I worry about it, I will just order Seachem Safe. A 250 g bottle equals a bit more than 3x500 ml bottles of Prime.

I've tested the air stone method and found that it depends on the size of the bucket (and probably the size of the air stone, aeration rate, and chlorine level). 45 litre bucket needs 24 hrs, 90 litre one needs 32 hrs for the chlorine to be undetectable.

It's a weak acid, yep, there must be the swing. But at 1350 mg/250 L, it is very small. As you might already know, it is widely used for treating tap water in aquaponics, and currently one of a better chemical (than thiosulphate) for wastewater treatment plants to treat chlorinated water before...

Hey, I can't edit my previous post above. There are some numbers I would like to correct. Correction: If I used only vitamin C, generally I would need to add 900 millgrams to neutralise 250 litres of tap water. But I would also add another 450 to be sure, making it 1350 milligrams per 250 litres.

It seems my Cories don't like sodium thiosulphate. They acted weird sometime when I used it. Now I've switched to ascorbic acid (vitamin C) with very good result, no sulphur smell, no side effects to my Cories. And even cheaper than Prime. 1 KG for less than £12. Chlorine level in my area is...

Hi, Those Discus farm operators in Malaysia are probably the most expert in using this chemical with (ornament) fish. Since they change 100% water two times a day. So I think it's worth listening to them. They use it with a chlorine test kit. They add the hypo until there is no chlorine...

I've found just recently that Prime can be spoiled even though Seachem say Prime doesn't expire. I had been using Prime for a year. Then when the (250 ml) bottle was nearly bottomed out. I switched to Sodium Thiosulphate crystals since it's so cheap and my tap was treated with chlorine, not...