There are multiple ways of getting co2 in the water, the ladder types, glass diffusers, atomisers and reactors that are built into the outlet of filters as well as injecting into the filter itself.
All have advantages and disadvantages, DIY will work on most except the atomisers to some effect, generally the two best ways are to hold the co2 in the water for as long as possible or to have the co2 bubbles that go in the water as small as possible. The problem with tiny bubbles and atomisers they usually require high pressure to work not usually possible with diy. Some of the glass diffusers will work with co2 if you want to go down the small bubble route.
Have a search on you tube for diy co2 aquarium and you can see some innovative ways that people have connected their co2 to filter outlets or made stuff up with various bits and pieces.
Just bear in mind if you want any small bubble set up you will be working with gas under pressure so any leaks and it will stop working.